C language chapter 2

🟩 Chapter 2: Data Types, Variables, and Operators

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🔹 1. Tokens in C

Basic building blocks:

• Keywords – reserved words (e.g., int, if, else, return)
• Identifiers – names of variables, functions, etc.
• Constants – fixed values (e.g., 10, 'A', 3.14)
• Operators – symbols that perform operations
• Separators – (), {}, [], ;, ,

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🔹 2. Data Types in C

Type	Keyword	Size	Example
Integer	int	2 or 4 bytes	10
Floating point	float	4 bytes	3.14
Double	double	8 bytes	10.345
Character	char	1 byte	‘A’
Void	void	—	—

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🔹 3. Variables

Used to store data temporarily.

Syntax:

int age = 20;

Rules:

• Must start with a letter or underscore
• No spaces
• Case-sensitive (Age ≠ age)

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🔹 4. Constants

Values that do not change during execution.

const float PI = 3.14;

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🔹 5. Operators

A. Arithmetic Operators

+, -, *, /, %

B. Relational Operators

==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

C. Logical Operators

&&, ||, !

D. Assignment Operators

=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

E. Increment/Decrement

++, --

F. Conditional (Ternary)

(condition) ? expression1 : expression2;

G. Bitwise Operators

&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

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🔹 6. Type Conversion

• Implicit (Automatic) – smaller → larger type
• Explicit (Casting) – manual conversion

float a = (float)5 / 2;

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